Tee box
This is where the golfer hits the ball for the first time. It's a plain surface that can be higher, even or lower that the green level; there's a plaque that shows the yardage and par of the hole.
Fairway
In few words, it's the area that separates the tee from the green. The main characteristic of the fairway is the short and even grass, so an ideal tee shot should lands here. There are some obstacles along like bunkers, hazards and rough.
Rough
This kind of grass happens to be taller, so if the ball lands here the shot to get out of it is very difficult; it's located next to the fairway and green. During Grand Slam tournaments the rough is even taller.
Bunker
You'll find them next to the fairway and the green. If the ball lands here part of it would definitively get buried, so the shot and the strategy might need some adjustments. The height depends on the course and if your shot gets stuck here you don't get a penalty.
Hazard
Like the bunkers, the water hazard is an obstacle that makes a hole harder, still, you won't find them in all of them. They are set between the tee box and the fairway or between the fairway and the green. If your ball gets here you'll have a penalty shot, it's common that after this you drop a new ball into a red circle nearby. 
Green
Its the final destination of the ball before getting into the hole. The grass is very soft and short, but is not easy to make a shot since the green has undulations and the speed of it varies considerably.
Now, you know a bit more about terms and course elements, tomorrow we'll talk about clubs, so stay tuned!
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